Soutenance de thèse : Rongrong ZHANG

In situ compression of cerium oxides in environmental transmission electron microscopy

Doctorante : Rongrong ZHANG

Laboratoire INSA : MatéIS

Ecole doctorale : ED34 Matériaux de Lyon

Ceramic materials present excellent mechanical strength and are used in many fields. However, the most detrimental characteristic of ceramics is their brittleness, which restricts their application. Recent investigations have shown that nanoscale ceramic materials display superior plastic deformation than their bulk counterparts. This plastic behavior at the nanoscale might be interesting to improve the ceramic processing either by decreasing the energy needed during the process or by optimizing the microstructure obtained. However, few studies on plastic behavior of ceramic materials have been reported so far.
This study deals with cerium oxides nanocubes with sizes ranging between 20 and 130 nm. We use in-situ nanocompression tests in Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (ETEM) on isolated nanocubes. The cube geometry assures to test the cube along a known crystallographic direction <001>. During the test, stress/strain curves  are obtained from the sensor of the sample holder and coupled with video of the compressed nanoparticle.
Due to a reduction effect of the electron beam in the TEM, different structures are tested, from CeO2 to Ce2O3 depending on the experimental conditions (electron dose or presence of gas around the sample).
We conduct compression tests on bixbyite Ce2O3 and on fluorite CeO2. During compression of bixbyite, we observe the formation of perfect dislocations followed by their dissociation into partials with the formation of stacking faults. This mechanism can be compared to what is observed in FCC structures.
On fluorite CeO2, dislocations appear but rarely dissociate. By using several zone axes, dislocations can be indexed. With our results, the main slip system is identified as
<110>{111}. CeO2 also shows a strong size effect on strength. This size effect is found to depend on the electron dose rate and is reversible. It is discussed by using models from the literature and by considering the deformation mechanism.