Voting procedures are part of our daily lives and are essential to collective decision-making. How do we choose between different voting rules, which do not all produce the same result? Our project aims to provide tools for comparing these voting methods in theory and practice, through mathematical studies, simulations, experiments, and discussions with the general public and politicians. It should enable citizens, elected officials, and public decision-makers to better understand their institutions and think about their future.

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

               In the face of constantly increasing global temperatures, the demand for cooling has surged worldwide. Mechanical compression air conditioners and chillers have met this demand, contributing to a significant increase in electricity consumption. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reported that around 20% of global building electricity use is attributed to air conditioners and fans, increasing greenhouse gas and CO2 emissions.

FRENCHDIAM seeks to exploit the exceptional properties of diamond, such as its resistance to high electric fields, its resistance to high temperatures and its outstanding thermal conductivity. The project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of two complementary advanced diamond devices: a high-voltage vertical transistor and a monolithic switching cell. Various technological steps required for a production chain will be developed, such as growth of large substrates, epitaxy of doped layers, structuring in clean rooms, peripheral protection and design of control electronics.

The standardization of 5G by 3GPP is now well underway, with the release of releases 15 (2018) and 16 (2020). Release 17 is almost complete but has been delayed due to the pandemic and release 18 is in its very first phase. In this context, French R&D must remain involved and even become a major player for the continuation of 5G and the networks of the future (beyond 5G, 6G). The alliance of the Institut Mines-Télécom, CEA and CNRS within a research program will allow the acceleration of this strategy and will guarantee the national sovereignty in the digital domain.

Access to the Internet is regarded by many as a fundamental right as stated by the ‘Joint declaration on freedom of expression and the Internet’ published by the UN in 2011. Besides, communication networks and ICT in general are often presented as required means to reduce the environmental impact of various industry sectors (e.g. energy, transport, agriculture, etc.). On the other hand, the deployment of new generations of mobile broadband networks (e.g., 4G in 2010 and 5G in 2020) has been so far the common practice of increasing the communication resources of wireless access networks.

Non-ischemic chronic cardiomyopathies (NICM) represent a complex group of cardiac diseases, accounting for 40% of heart failure patients. The challenge in classification, diagnosis, and treatment stems from their multifactorial nature and clinical variability. Major subtypes include dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (DCM and HCM), each with distinct characteristics. These diseases can progress to heart failure and carry a risk of cardiac arrhythmias, including sudden death. Currently, there are no risk stratification scores for these patients.

Adaptative Optics (AO) requires fast and precise wavefront control using deformable optical surface (DM) with a large number of actuators. Current commercial DM technologies are efficient but still suffer from limitations in their temporal bandwidth, dynamical range, size, number of actuators, fragility/fatigue, and non-linear effects that need to be overcome for future instruments. Moreover, these DMs have unperfect shape at rest and are costly. We aim to develop a new hybrid high-speed, lightweight, large and low-cost deformable-mirror technology.

Textile materials have two essential characteristics: one is technical, resulting from the choice of fibers and their assembly into fabrics, the second is aesthetic, linked to the material and its finishing. The value of a textile object is associated with both technical and aesthetics, it is linked to actual wear and tear completed with the attachment of the consumer. The end of life of these textiles can occur because they are worn and damaged or because they are not liked anymore or considered outdated.

Improving animal welfare (AW) is recognized as a key element for the sustainability of livestock production systems. The agroecological (AE) transition will have major impacts on AW with expected positive effects (increased space allowance for animals, more freedoms) but also specific vulnerabilities (less optimized and more diverse feeding regimens, fluctuating environments, emergence of pathogens).