Soutenance de thèse : Yiping CHEN

New Approaches for the Construction of Ternary Solute/Solvent/Non-solvent Phase Diagrams and Applications in the Field of Nanoprecipitation

Doctorante : Yiping CHEN

Laboratoire INSA : IMP

École doctorale :  ED34 : Matériaux de Lyon

Nanoprecipitation (or solvent-displacement, Ouzo effect) process is a promising technique for straightforwardly producing colloids of controlled dimensions without recourse to surfactants or any high shearing force systems. Successful applications of the nanoprecipitation process crucially rely on the ability to construct the phase diagrams for the solute/solvent/nonsolvent ternary system of interest by identifying regions (SFME, Ouzo domain…) where the hydrophobic solute aggregates at the nanometer scale. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to develop robust methods to construct phase diagrams, to attempt at enlarging the Ouzo domain through cautiously-chosen additives, and finally to use thus constructed phase diagrams for precipitation of novel molecules, targeting potential applications in the biological field.
Combined fluorescence microscopy (FM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were first used to construct phase diagrams containing pyrene as fluorescent indicator and surfactants as stabilizers in oil/solvent/water systems, respectively. It has been found that under the micrometer resolution FM, the pyrene-loaded nanodispersions appear black in the Ouzo domain (owing to their nanoscale dimensions). In DLS tests, adding a non-ionic surfactant, the Ouzo domain showed a monodisperse peak, with dI > dN and PDI < 0.15. Remarkably, the Ouzo domain identified by DLS was slightly larger than that obtained by FM owing to the introduction of surfactants. In a second approach, using the DLS technique, we studied the effect of adding specific surfactants (Brij 56, Enordet J3131, Cremophor EL) on the nanoprecipitation process. With miglyol oil, the Ouzo limit was shifted up to two decades, significantly enhancing the Ouzo domain. Finally, solid molecules such as antibiotics and fluorophores were used as solutes for nanoprecipitation. One specific antibiotic showed similar efficacy against various bacteria in molecular state or under nanoparticle form in vitro testing. Nanodispersions of high Tg fluorophores keep a good colloidal stability over a long period, and maintain their fluorescence activity upon dilution, making them good candidates as biomarkers.