The production of plastics increased from 1.5 million tonnes in 1935 to 335 million in 2016. Most of the plastic products consumed in Europe are collected for processing and, as far as possible, for material recycling or energy recycling (combustion and pyro-gasification). However, the collection of plastic residues is not total. Indeed, many plastic products at the end of use escape the treatment and recovery channels and are found, voluntarily or involuntarily, in the various compartments of the biosphere, including the final outlet, the ocean.