This scientific break-through opens new doors in terms of the fundamental understanding of innate immune mechanisms and may, eventually, lead to research in human medicine. In agronomic applications, the demonstration of the major role played by coleoptericin (antibacterial protein found in beetles) in the survival of weevils could, in the coming years, result in the development of methods for fighting against insect pests, using molecules capable of acting on the symbiosis between the insect and its bacterium. These solutions, which are more environmentally-friendly, should provide alternatives to insecticides and pesticides.